Author: Arya Pandey, Vinoba Bhave University
The constitution of India plays a very important role in the development and functioning of
Indian democracy. It provides a legal structure for governance, protects the rights of citizens, and limits the power of the state. Through its provisions, the constitution ensures equality, justice and freedom for all. This article discusses how the constitution has shaped Indian democracy by establishing democratic institutions, safeguarding fundamental
rights, and maintaining the balance of power among different organs of the government.
Introduction
India follows a democratic system of governance, and the constitution is the backbone of this system . Adopted on 26 January 1950, the constitution lays down the basic principles on which the country is governed. It defines the relationship between the state and the citizens and ensures that democracy functions in a fair and just manner. Without the constitution, democratic values such as liberty, equality and justice would not have legal protection.
Democratic features of the constitution
The constitution of India establishes a parliamentary form of government where the executive is responsible for the legislature. Article 326 provides for universal adult suffrage , which allows every citizen above the age of 18 to vote. This ensures people’s participation in governance.
Fundamental rights given under part 3
Protect citizens from the arbitrary actions of the state . These rights help in maintaining democratic freedom. At the same time, the directive principles of state policy guide the government in achieving social and economic justice, which is essential for a healthy
democracy.
Rule of law and equality
One of the key contributions of the constitution to Indian democracy is the establishment of the rule of law. Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equality protection of laws. This means that no person is above the law, including those in power. The rule of law prevents misuse of authority and strengthens public confidence in democratic institutions.
Role of judiciary in Indian democracy
The judiciary acts as the guardian of the constitution . Through judiciary review under Article 32 and 226, courts protect fundamental rights and ensures that laws made by the legislature follow constitutional principles. Judicial interpretation has expanded the scope of rights and strengthend democratic values. The courts play a vital role in checking excesses of power by the executive and legislature.
Important Case Laws
Kesavananda Bharti v. State of Kerala (1973)
The supreme court held that the basic structure of the constitution can not be amended , thereby protecting core democratic values.
Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
The court declared free and fair elections as an essential part of democracy.
Conclusion
The constitution forms the foundation of Indian democracy. It protects citizens’ rights, ensures equality, and guide the government. Through this, it continues to strengthen democracy in India.
FAQS
Q1. How does the constitution support democracy?
By guaranteeing fundamental rights , providing free and fair elections, and maintaining rule of law .
Ǫ2. Why is judicial review important ?
It prevents misuse of power and protects citizens’ rights.
Ǫ3. Can democratic principles be changed?
No, they are part of the basic structure of the constitution
