RESERCH PAPER ON CYBER CRIME AGAINST CHIDREN

Author – Akancha Kailash BBA.LLB 9th Semester Amity University Ranchi, Jharkhand

Topic : RESERCH PAPER ON CYBER CRIME AGAINST CHIDREN

ABSTARCT

In the age of rapidly changing digital technology, children and women are seen as new and new targets for cybercriminals. It is one of the most complex issues facing various countries around the world. Cybercrime is any act that is performed online and is illegal when the computer and the Internet are used as the primary and essential tool. Internet has now become easily accessible to almost all the population, most of the people use the Internet as a source of researching knowledge and information while there are some negative elements prevalent in society which is abusing the Internet which is increasing at an increasing rate. fast. rhythm. Crimes like cyber harassment, email bombardment, pornography, cyber harassment, cyber abuse, web hacking, virus attacks, etc. are committed.

INTRODUCTION

Cybercrime can also be known as cybercrime or crimes committed via computers and the Internet. The use of the Web is increasing every day and the number of Internet users is thriving on a large scale. As a result, the number of crimes and frauds committed online is increasing. The WWW or the World Web seems like a big development, but to our surprise there are certain qualities of the World Web that bring the world together and create a smaller space to survive. education, ordering food or medicine, connecting with various people around the world, posting memories and special events to where you also find your personal information, including bank details entered during online transactions, everything is done through various online portals developed for our convenience. The web is a space accessible to all and this therefore implies the violation of the legal conditions provided for the use of the Internet which leads to the commission of serious offenses.

Children are considered as an easy target for the criminals as they are naive, in a tender age and are not aware about the dark side of the social networking sites. During 2017, around one cyber-crime case was reported against children in India. According to research done by Huffington, about seventy percent of the teenagers said that they are on more than one following social networking site: WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, Vine and Tumbler. More than fifty percent of children below the age of thirteen have their accounts on social media platform Facebook. Another research says that in previous years girls are surpassing boys in using social media platforms. India has the greatest number of Facebook users followed by Germany. The least knowledge about crimes done online is a major reason people fall in traps of such offenders easily.

CYBER CRIMES AND CHILD ABUSE

As we all know that among all age groups children are the most vulnerable section of the society, and they can be easily exploited. The offenders chatting with children on the digital platform, wrongly represent the age and lure towards the children seen in most cases reported against cyber-crime. This is possible because of two major reasons:

Due to less knowledge about the good and bad of social networking sites.
That they heavily rely on social networking sites for social interaction.

The other major point tracked is the fake identity used by the offenders. The child who is the victim never knows with whom he or she is interacting and tend to believe the other person sitting behind the screen and many a times they share their personal information. This may lead to child abuse and exploitation of children such as trafficking and sex tourism etc. In various cases, we have seen wrong steps being taken by the children like suicide, reason being, their personal and offensive photos posted online. Children suffering from all these abuses tend to hide their problems they are going through and the tornado of emotions they are facing which makes the situations more troublesome further. All this affects the overall mental growth and development of the children. We all know and are aware of the need to protect children from all such dangers and online threats. To nab an offender in a cybercrime offence is not an easy or simple task because the offended can commit the crime from anywhere in the world. This is because the people committing such offences use new and updated technologies.

FIGURE: A RESERACH DONE WHICH SHOWS PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS BEEN BULLIED

TYPES OF CYBER CRIMES

Child pornography

Section 67B of Information technology (Amendment Act) 2008, discusses about Child pornography. It says that, any person who publishes or transmits or causes to be published or transmitted material in any electronic form that depicts children engaged in sexually explicit act or conduct or creates text or digital images, collects, seeks, browses, downloads, advertises, promotes, exchanges or distributes materials in an electronic form. As this section says, child pornography includes sexually explicit content depicting children in obscene or indecent manner. In recent trends, live streaming of sexual abuse has begun to surface on the web. Child sexual abuse material (CSAM) or child pornography has become a global issue. The largest producer and consumer of child pornography is The United States and Mexico. In India a minimum of 5 years of jail with fine is imposed on the offender after the first conviction. There can also be imprisonment for a time of 7 years with fine for subsequent convictions. The majority viewer of child pornography could be people who are Paedophiles (paedophile), Ephebophile or Hebephile who find minors sexually attractive and they tend to view such content to induce arousal. In several cases, a person who plans to commit statutory rape might watch or might be a viewer of child pornography.

Cyber Trafficking

Trafficking in human beings is a form of illicit trafficking in human beings. It is an activity in which young girls and boys are transferred from one state or country to another for a variety of reasons, including forced labour, organ harvesting, prostitution, child labour, etc. military purposes, and slavery. It can also happen between countries. Bangladesh and Nepal are the main sources of female transmission in India, according to reports. Human trafficking is an outdated concept that was banned many years ago. Today, in the present day, this heinous crime is resurfacing. It is a common misconception that human trafficking only affects women and girls, but it does not.

Cyber exploitation

Email has spawned one of the most significant forms of cybercrime – spam or unsolicited advertising of products and services, which experts say make up about 50% of all mail circulating on the Internet. Spam is a crime against all Internet users because it wastes both the storage and network capacities of ISPs, while often being just offensive. However, despite various attempts to eliminate it by law, it is not clear how spam can be eliminated without violating free speech in a liberal political system. Unlike spam, which has an associated postage cost, spam is almost free to authors – typically sending 10 messages costs the same as sending 10 million.

One of the most important issues in stopping spammers is using other people’s personal computers. Usually, many machines connected to the Internet are first infected with a virus or Trojan horse which gives the spammer control of secrecy. Such machines are known as bot computers, and their networks, often involving thousands of infected computers, can be activated to flood the Internet with spam or to launch DoS attacks. While the former can be almost harmless, including solicitations to buy legitimate goods, DoS attacks have been implemented with the aim of blackmailing websites by threatening to shut them down. Computer scientists estimate that the United States accounts for about a quarter of the 4 to 8 million zombie computers in the world and is the source of almost a third of all spam.

Morphing

The morph once used by the animation and film industry is so readily available now that anyone with access to the Internet can use it. It only takes a few clicks to download a morphing app and an instant to cheat on someone. Maybe there are no restrictions or regulations on access; it is the intention and the goal that determine its boundary. Morphing of celebrity images is very common, mainly when it comes to morphing photos and videos. There are many celebrities filed cases every year for such cases. Recently, in the case of actress Ramya, a transformed image of the actress has circulated on porn sites and various other social media platforms. The Malayalam actress addressed the situation and complained in the cyber cell against such spread. The present case illustrates how a situation related to the morphed image / video can be tackled. Whatever the reason, personal or not, that it persists, to mislead the image and blackmail it through it is a crime and is part of cybercrime.

Cyber hacking

As the country enters a digital age where everything is available at the click of a button, the threat of the theft of private data and information is constantly worrisome. It’s ironic that the most trusted source of information and a data store can turn out to be a large platform for some to steal information. The Information and Technology Act 2000 (Information Technology Act) covers all types of cybercrime committed in the country, including hacking. Hacking was previously used to denote a crime under Section 43 of the Computer Law, but at the same time, ethical hacking or better known as white collar hacking was considered legal. Ethical hacking is also taught by various professionals in schools and colleges. It was therefore necessary to distinguish between good and bad piracy. With the amendment to the Computer Law in 2008, the word “hacker was removed from the law. The reason was that ethical hacking is taught by many professionals in various schools and colleges, and colleges cannot teach nothing illegal “. should not be used the amendment reworded Articles 66 and 43 by removing the word piracy from the law.

Identity theft

Identity theft also known as identity fraud is a crime in which the accused obtains key personally identifiable information. Identity theft refers to the fraudulent use of a person’s name and personal information to obtain credit, loans, etc. Identity theft is the intentional use of someone else’s identity to gain a financial advantage or any other benefit on behalf of the person. This is when thieves steal your personal information to gain access to your bank account or use the information to commit fraud or a crime.

Cyber bullying

Cyberbullying ‘, according to cybercrime experts, is defined as “a hostile and deliberate act or omission that is performed by a specific person or group using electronic forms of contact towards a person unable to protect themselves., in a repetitive and extraordinary way. “When an individual or group of people bully or intimidate another person through the use of digital technologies, whether on the Internet or in some other virtual realm, it is called cyberbullying or cyberstalking. Sharing personal photos and videos without authorization, phishing groups, spam groups or a specific person, creating fake accounts, body shame, creating memes and videos of people who make mistakes, especially celebrities, etc. Are examples. Such behaviours or actions are most often observed on social media platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and others, as well as through SMS, instant messaging (IM) services such as iMessage, FB Messenger, WhatsApp and others., as well as through email, newsgroups and even gaming sites, among others Cyberbullying can occur for a variety of reasons, including enmity, envy, feelings of insecurity, and a variety of other reasons. the. It takes place on social media sites in various forms such as posts or emails, commenting on someone’s post or video on social media sites in a pessimistic or aggressive manner which hurts the feelings of a person they are written on. It can also happen when someone degrades, writes, or posts something offensive, which may be in the form of sound, video, or text. Cyberbullying is the term used to describe posting such information on the Internet.

CHILDREN AS TARGET OF INTERNET CRIME

It is observed that the crimes are not only committed by strangers but also inter familiar people. Children are easily trusting, naive, curious, want to do adventurous things and eager for attention and affection, which gives an opportunity to the offender. The most advantageous part for the offender is that the children and teenagers have not been viewed as credible witness. Troubled or rebellious teens who are seeking emancipation from their parental authority can be an easy target to the online predators. Youth who are emotionally weak or vulnerable may deal with the issues of sexual identity. This category of teenagers may lead and contribute towards online conversations which might seem innocent and harmless but can lead to explicit conduct in future.

FIGURE: SHOWS INDIA HAS THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF CYBER ATTACKS.

CYBER LAWS IN INDIA

Cyber law is also known as the Information technology that deals with the laws related to the crimes that are being committed via means of computing technology or the internet sources.

The IT law governs the digital dissemination of digitalized information’s, electronic commerce or information security. We can even say or consider the cyber laws as paper laws specially to promote a ‘paperless environment’.

These laws encompass all the fields of law, it does not constitute a separate area. Discussed below are the cyber laws in India that are available for children:

Under IT act 2000

Section 67B of the IT act deals with the cyber-crimes against children. This section provides stringent punishment for borrowing, publishing or transmitting of electronic material depicting children in acts which are sexually explicit.

Section 354A and 354B of INDIAN PENAL CODE 1860

This section of the IPC provides punishment for offences like cyber bullying and cyber stalking.

Section 43A: Children’s personal and sensitive data

This provision imposes compensation as a civil liability. Thus, section can be considered in case of any misuse of personal information of any person. This provision widely covers sensitive and personal data of children as well.

Cyber-crimes against children can now, also be reported at the POSCO (protection of children from sexual offences) of NCPCR (National commission for protection of child right).
Complaint can also be registered on: ncpcr@gov.in or on the telephone number – 9868235077.

NEW ONLINE GAMES

The government of India has launched a new app for children which is named as ‘Cyber Trivia’. This app aims to educate the children about how to deal with strangers online, giving a set of multiple-choice questions. The ‘National Commission for Protection of Child Rights’ (NCPCR) said, “It is an attempt to teach these children in a fun way, what should be done if they are contacted by a stranger on the internet who might ask for their pictures or ask them to do things.” This step has been taken by government in a bid to counter cyber-crime, including threats posted by various games we all became aware with in past few years like the “blue whale” challenge or “Momo.” The game has been developed amid the rising cases of children committing suicide due to various challenges like those stated above.

Children now a days are so engaged in the online world, that they are not aware about the pros and cons of it. The game is based on behaviour modification technique. It uses a system of rewards and punishments to encourage positive behaviour and discourage negative behaviour respectively, says Sujatha Sharma, a child psychologist.

CYBERCRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN DURING PANDEMIC

COVID-19 pandemic led to an alarming increase in the number of cases of cyber-crime, especially against children. Children who lost any of their parent or both or have been temporarily separated due to the disease were the most vulnerable and easy target for the cyber criminals. In such situations children were more prone to cyber-crimes as there was no monitoring and were directly exposed to the rise of online harassment and cyber-crimes etc. Parents as well as children had to depend on technology due to the closure of schools. Digital technology was the only way to keep the children updated, keep continuing with the learning process and stay connected to the outside world. Children especially from grade 1 to grade 5 are very less acquainted with the outline technology and are more prone towards sexual predators as well as cyber-crime offenders. It becomes very easy for criminals to hack their devices and manipulate them. These categories of children do not know which websites are safe or whether the particular image or the video should be downloaded or not.

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

Social networking sites are one of the most popular tools in today’s rapidly advancing and engaging life. It is a way of connecting people from all over the world. But if social networking sites have advantage, they are sure to have disadvantage too. There are some of the major precautions listed below that must be taken while operating social networking sites.

Posting or sharing your personal information should be limited to a very great extent.
Using uncommon and passwords which cannot be easily guessed. For instance, using numbers, alphabets, symbols etc.
Not posting or exposing personal information about your friends and family as well.
Using and upgrading antivirus software on a regular basis.
Adjusting privacy settings such as who can view your profile and the data entered.
Providing less data about your school or college or information about where you work.
Being aware of impersonators.

CONCLUSION

Cybercrime is a very big issue prevailing in the entire world, although it’s getting recognition and laws are being made to tackle this crime, it won’t be that easy to end offences of cybercrime. The rapid increase in the internet usage and growing sick mentality is causing more and more harm to the society as large. In fact, the people indulged in cybercrime will continue developing and upgrading in order to stay ahead from the law. There are various factors which make children a good prey for the criminals, most importantly the gender. Female girls are more targeted than the boys, but not to miss out on socio economic background and age of the children also matter. Experts say that better awareness and education may reduce the dangers of cyber-crime against children. Parents should also invent time and cope up with the technology they are providing to their children and keep them aware of the malicious activities being done through the online platforms.

REFRENCES

RESERCH PAPER ON CYBER CRIME AGAINST CHIDREN

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